03/2007

YIP-WAH CHUNG

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Professor, 1985-; Associate Professor, 1982-85; Assistant Professor, 1977-82

Department Chairman, 1992-1998

Ph.D.(Physics), University of California at Berkeley, 1977

M.Phil.(Physics), University of Hong Kong, 1973

B.Sc.(Physics and Mathematics), University of Hong Kong, 1971

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Surface science and engineering; application of surface science to catalysis, semiconductors, thin films, fatigue, environmental effects on mechanical properties, durability of thin-film hard disk systems, fundamentals of friction, wear and lubrication, development of novel superhard coatings for wear protection in machine tools, mechanical components and computer hard disk surfaces, theoretical modeling of fatigue crack initiation, contact mechanics modeling

AWARDS AND HONORS

2005 Fellow, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers

2004 Bronze Bauhinia Star Medal, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government

2001 ASME Tribology Division Innovative Research Award, for the design and  engineering development of superhard multilayer coatings, with hardness comparable to diamond

2001 International Technical Advisor, Centro de Investigacion Materiales, Universidad de Valle, Cali, Colombia

2000 Fellow, American Vacuum Society

2000 Advisory Professor, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

1999 National Storage Industry Consortium Technical Achievement Award, for the successful development and application of nitrogenated carbon coatings as protective overcoats in disk drive systems

1998 Fellow, ASM International

1997 Visiting Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

1992 Teacher of the Year in Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University

1991 Faculty Honor Roll, Associated Student Government, Northwestern University

1991 Ralph A. Teetor Engineering Educator Award, SAE International

1990 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Tribology Division Best Paper Award

1990 CIC Academic Leadership Fellow, selected for potential in academic administration (CIC, committee on institutional cooperation, is a consortium of Big Ten universities, University of Chicago and Pennsylvania State University)

1986 Teacher of the Year in Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University

1974 Earl C. Anthony Scholarship, University of California, Berkeley

1970 Hui Pui Hing Memorial Scholarship, University of Hong Kong

MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES

Program Director, Surface Engineering and Materials Design, Civil and Mechanical Systems Division, Directorate for Engineering, National Science Foundation (2003-2005)

ASM Technical Books Committee (2001-), Chair (2003-05)

ASM Honorary Membership Selection Committee (2000-)

Executive Committee and Program Co-chair, Advanced Surface Engineering Division, AVS (2000-); Division Chair, 2003-04

Elected Board of Directors, American Vacuum Society (1999-2000)

Elected Trustee, Village of Wilmette, Illinois (1997-2001, 2001-2005)

TMS Surface Engineering Committee (1998-)

Associate Editor, ASME Journal of Tribology (1997-2003)

ASM/TMS Mechanical Behavior Committee (1996-)

Department Chairman, 1992-1998

Chairman, Governing Board, DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team to the Advanced Photon Source (1996-97).

Co-Leader, MRC Interdisciplinary Research Group on Ultrahard Coatings (1996-2001).

Editorial Board, Tribology Letters (1995 )

Dispute Mediator, Village of Wilmette, Illinois (1995-)

Member, Research Grants Council; Chairman, Physical Sciences Panel, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong (1993-2003); Chairman, Central Allocation Subcommittee (2003-); Member, Engineering Panel (2003-)

External Examiner, Materials Technology program, Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong (1994-2000)

External Examiner, Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong (2004-2007)

Member, Community Relations Commission, Village of Wilmette, Illinois (1993-1997)

Chair, American Vacuum Society Illinois Chapter, 1992-1994

Director, Center for Engineering Tribology, 1987-1992

Cofounded the NSF Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Engineering Tribology (CET) in 1984 to conduct basic and applied research in tribology.

Established the Surface Science Facility in 1978 as a multiuser facility serving the research community at Northwestern.

                 

CURRENT PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS

Life Member, American Physical Society

Member, American Vacuum Society

Member, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society

Member, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers

Member, ASM International

Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers

CURRENT SPONSORED RESEARCH SUPPORT

Ford-Boeing, IR reflective coatings, 9/06-8/08

NSF, Ultrahigh strength steels, 9/06-8/07

NSF-MRI, Surface texturing instrument, 7/06-6/08

NSF, Nanolayer coatings, 9/06-8/09

DOE, Low friction coatings, 6/04-5/09

ONR, Scuffing failure prediction, 3/03-3/05

ONR-MURI, Friction and wear under extreme conditions, 6/04-5/09

NSF/IGERT, Virtual tribology, 9/01-8/06, $2.7 million

NSF/DMR, NiTi alloys, 3/01-2/05, $307K

NSIC, Ultrathin Overcoats, 11/03-11/04- $30K

RECENT INVITED TALKS

"Scanning probe microscopy: investigations of surface deformation and microtribology", Institute of Mechanics and Materials/NSF Workshop on Micromechanics of Small Volumes, University of California at San Diego, February 1994

"Composition, structure, optical and tribological properties of ultrahigh strength carbon nitride thin films", ICMCTF Meeting, San Diego, April 1994.

"Tribology of carbon nitride", Gordon Research Conference on Tribology, July 1994.

"Recent advances in the synthesis of carbon nitride", Institute of Mechanics and Materials/NSF Workshop on Contact Mechanics, Vanderbilt University, July 1994

"Recent advances in the synthesis of carbon nitride thin films and applications in ultrahigh density hard disk systems", Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, August 1994

"Development of hard coatings: a case history of government/industry/university cooperation", NSF Institute of Mechanics and Materials Workshop on Processing and Constitutive Modeling of Advanced Engineered Materials II, Georgia Institute of Technology, October 1994

"Future of engineering education", Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, November 1994.

"Synthesis and characterization of carbon nitride thin films", Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington DC, December 1994

"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", 1995 Annual TMS Meeting, Las Vegas, February 1995

"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", Conner Peripherals, San Jose, March 1995

"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", University of Tennessee, Knoxville, April 1995

"Auger, photoemission and thermal desorption studies of the interaction of water vapor with Ni3(Al,Ti) (100) and (111) surfaces", Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, April 1995

"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", University of California, Berkeley, May 1995

"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", Surface Science Workshop: Critical Review and Outlook, University of Hong Kong, June 1995

"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", TMS Fall Meeting, International Symposium on Surface Modification and Coating Technology, Cleveland, October 1995

"Synthesis and properties of crystalline carbon nitride composite superhard coatings", MRS Fall meeting, Boston, November 1995

"Interactions of water and oxygen on Ni3 (Al,Ti) and Ni3Fe surfaces - evidence for the critical role of competitive reactions", Symposium on Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Composites, Intermetallics and Metal-Ceramics Systems, TMS Annual Meeting, Anaheim, February 1996.

"Synthesis and properties of superhard carbon nitride coatings", Center for Surface Engineering and Tribology, Georgia Institute of Technology, March 1996

"Surface science perspective of lubrication failure", Limits of Lubrication Conference, Williamsburg, April 1996.

"What's neat about materials science?", Evanston Lighthouse Rotary Club, Evanston, May 1996.

"Synthesis of new superhard coatings based on boron and C-N phases by magnetron sputtering", MRS Meeting, Boston, December 1996.

"Synthesis of new superhard coatings based on carbon-nitrogen phases by high-rate reactive magnetron sputtering", 21st Annual Cocoa Beach Conf. and Exposition on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures, Cocoa Beach, Florida, January 1997.

"Recent advances in carbon nitride and related hard coating materials", TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, February 1997.

A series of lectures on protective overcoats and lubricants for thin-film hard disk systems at Iwate University, Tohoku University, Nagaoka Institute of Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagoya University, Sony (Sendai) and Hitachi (Tsuchiura), March 1997.

"Interaction of oxygen and water vapor with intermetallic alloys", 3rd International Workshop on Intermetallics and Composites, Hangzhou, China, April 1998.

"Synthesis and properties of crystalline carbon nitride thin films", IBM Storage Systems Division, San Jose, July 1998.

"Critical review of the synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride thin films", 12th International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies, Rosemont, October 1998.

“Synthesis and characterization of superhard coatings using advanced magnetron sputtering techniques”, GM R&D Center, Warren, Michigan, Feb 1999.

“Synthesis and characterization of superhard coatings using advanced magnetron sputtering techniques”, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, March 1999.

“Advances in protective overcoats for extremely high density recording”, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, April 1999.

“Ultrathin overcoats for extremely high density recording”, Headway Technologies Inc., Milpitas, California, July 1999.

“Synthesis and corrosion performance of ultrathin carbon nitride”, Symposium on Interface Tribology towards 100 Gb/in2, Orlando, October 1999.

“Wear-resistant coatings for cutting tool and magnetic recording”, ASM/TMS Fall meeting, Cincinnati, November 1999.

“Synthesis and characterization of ultrathin overcoats”, Intevac Inc, Santa Clara, November 1999.

“Wear-resistant nanolayered hard coatings”, Detroit Chinese Engineers Association, Detroit, March 2000

“Applications of surface science to the study of aerospace alloys and computer disk drives”, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, March 2000

“Wear-resistant coatings for computer disk drives”, TMS Annual Meeting, Nashville, March  2000

“Thin-film synthesis by PVD techniques”, Fudan University, June 2000

“Synthesis and characterization of coatings for tribological applications”, Fudan University, June 2000

“Sputter-deposition and properties of alumina and a-CNx thin films”, IBM San Jose, August 2000

“Science and technology of hard coatings”, Hughes Christensen Inc., Houston, June 2001

“Emerging research opportunities in MS&E”, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Retreat, Michigan State University, East Lansing, July 2001

“Science and technology of wear-protective coatings for computer disk drive, cutting tool and other tribological applications”, 22nd Congresso Annual da Sociedade Brasileira de Vacuo, Guaratingueta-SP, Brazil, July 2001

“Ultrathin CNx overcoats for 1 Tb/in2 hard disk drive systems”, STLE/ASME International Tribology Conference, Symposium on Nanotribology and Nanotechnology for 1 Tb/in2, San Francisco, October 2001.

“Water dissociation and surface diffusion of atomic hydrogen on single crystal Ni3(Al,Ti) (110) surface with and without boron”, 4th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallic Compounds and Advanced Materials, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China, October 2001

“Water dissociation and hydrogen diffusion on clean and boron-modified intermetallic alloy surfaces: implications in moisture-induced embrittlement”, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, August 2002.

“The role of boron in water dissociation and atomic hydrogen diffusion on intermetallic alloy surfaces”, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, September 2002

“Design principles and synthesis of protective coatings for demanding tribological applications”, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, September 2002

“Coating activities at Northwestern University”, Guardian Industries Corp, Carleton, Michigan, September 2002

“Design principles and synthesis of superhard and thermally stable wear-protective coatings”, ACerS 27th Cocoa Beach Meeting, Cocoa Beach, January 2003

“Design principles and synthesis of superhard and thermally stable wear-protective coatings”, National Science Foundation, February 2003

“Wear and corrosion protection with nanometer-thick coatings: nanotechnology in extremely high-density hard disk drives”, SMEC Conference, Florida International University, Miami Beach, March 2003.

“The role of hydrogen diffusion and desorption in moisture-induced embrittlement in intermetallics doped with alloying elements”, C. T. Liu Symposium, TMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, March 2003

“Nanolayer Coatings for Hard Disk and Demanding Tribological Applications”, TMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, March 2003

“Design principles and synthesis of superhard and thermally stable wear-protective coatings”, Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, May 2003

“In situ variable-temperature nanoindentation behavior of a bulk Zr-Al-Ti-Cu-Ni amorphous alloy”, 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glass, Beijing, October 2003

“Metrology of 1-10 nm thick CNx films: thickness, density and surface roughness measurements”, International Joint Tribology Conference, Ponte Vedra, Florida, October 2003

“NSF Program on Surface Engineering and Materials Design”, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Feb 2004

“NSF Research Programs on Nanomanufacturing”, TMS Annual Meeting, Charlotte, March 2004

“Future of Metals Research Panel Discussion”, TMS Annual Meeting, Charlotte, March 2004

“Surface Engineering Panel Discussion”, ICMCTF, San Diego, April 2004

“Tribology Panel Discussion”, STLE Annual Meeting, Toronto, May 2004

“Beyond DLC: development of protective overcoats for extremely high density magnetic recording”, STLE Annual Meeting, Toronto, May 2004

“Beyond DLC: development of protective overcoats for extremely high density magnetic recording”, SES Annual Meeting, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, October 2004

“Protective coatings for extreme environments”, TMS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, February 2005

“Beyond DLC: development of atomically smooth protective overcoats for extremely high density magnetic recording”, TMS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, February 2005

“Suppression of moisture effects on low-friction performance of hydrogenated carbon films”, ACerS annual meeting, Washington DC, April 2005

“Lessons learned from 10 years of nanoindentation studies of wear-resistant coatings”, NanoMex 2005 Workshop, Frontier on Nanomechanical Testing, Ensenada, Mexico, April 2005

“Success stories and future challenges in tribology”, International Wear of Materials Conference, San Diego, April 2005

“Suppression of moisture effects on low-friction performance by hydrogenated carbon films”, World Tribology Congress, Washington DC, September 2005

“Surface science and tribological investigations of sulfur-doped hydrogenated carbon films”, MS&T ’05, Pittsburgh, September 2005

“Suppression of moisture effects on low-friction performance of hydrogenated carbon films”, World Tribology Congress, Washington DC, September 2005

“Surface science and tribological investigations of sulfur-doped hydrogenated carbon films”, MS&T 05, Pittsburgh, September 2005

“Global energy and environmental problems: a concerned citizen’s perspective and local solutions”, GM Research Lab Sigma Xi lecture, Detroit, February 2006

“Making low-friction surfaces”, ACS Somorjai Symposium, San Francisco, September 2006

“Nanostructured coatings for extreme-condition applications”, Hitachi Global Storage Technology, San Jose, September 2006

“Nanostructured coatings”, Brazil Nanostructured Coatings Network Workshop, Porto Allegro, Brazil, October 2006

RECENT DEGREES AWARDED (1/2002)

(TOTAL: 32 PhD AND 7 MS)

C. Whitman, PhD, Void Formation in Aluminum-Copper Thin Films due to Thermal Cycling, June 1992

K. J. Wahl, PhD, Environmental Effects on Friction, Wear and Durability of Magnetic Thin-Film Hard Disks, June 1992

James Vetrone, PhD, OMCVD synthesis, characterization and STM nanometer lithography studies of tin oxide films, December 1992

Che-Ming Ke, MS, STM studies of fatigue deformation damage in silver and copper single crystals, December 1993

Dillon Fong, MS, Wear transition in artificial heart valve materials, June 1994

Ming Y. Chen, PhD, Growth and characterization of C:N thin films, December 1994

David Spaulding, PhD, Grain boundary cohesion and segregation in ultrahigh strength steels, December 1995

Dong Li, PhD, Synthesis and properties of carbon nitride thin films, December 1995

Wen-Jui Chia, PhD, Surface chemistry study of water vapor and oxygen on Ni3(Al,Ti) and Ni3Fe, June 1996

Tony Hlinak, MS, Surface roughness characterization of three alumina-type fibers by atomic force microscopy, June 1998

Kevin Peters, PhD, X-ray studies of the melting of Pb nanocrystals, June 1998

Mei-Ling Wu, PhD, Structure, mechanical and tribological properties of carbon nitride-based superlattice and TiN-based composite films synthesized by magnetron sputtering, June 1999

Murat U. Guruz, PhD, Synthesis and characterization of wear-resistant B-C-N thin films, June 2001

Jinliu Wang, PhD, Water dissociation and surface diffusion of atomic hydrogen on single crystal Ni3(Al,Ti)(110) with and without boron, June 2001

Yu-Hsia Chen, PhD, Synthesis, mechanical and tribological properties, and thermal stability of sputter-deposited TiN-based and TiB2/TiC multilayer hard coatings, June 2001

Kitty W. Lee, PhD, Structure, mechanical, tribological properties and high-temperature stability of titanium diboride/titanium carbide and titanium oxide/aluminum oxide multilayer coatings synthesized by magnetron sputtering, June 2004

Yanfeng Chen, PhD, Synthesis and characterization of B-C-N thin films as protective overcoat for hard disk drives, June 2006

Christina Freyman, PhD, Synthesis and characterization of hydrogenated carbon and multilayer oxide coatings, June 2007

PUBLICATIONS (*= INVITED)

1975

1.  (with T. C. Boyce), "A new technique for the measurement of thermal conductivity of thin films", Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Thermal Cond., Plenum, New York, 499-506 (1975).

1976

2.  (with W. J. Siekhaus and G. A. Somorjai), "Studies of acetylene and oxygen adsorption on silicon surfaces by low energy electron energy loss spectroscopy", Surface Science 58, 341-348 (1976).

1977

3.  (with W. J. Siekhaus and G. A. Somorjai), "Electron energy loss spectroscopy study of the adsorption of aluminum on the silicon (111)7x7 surface", Physical Review B15, 959-963 (1977).

4.  (with W. J. Lo, L. L. Kesmodel, P. C. Stair and G. A. Somorjai), "Ultraviolet photoemission studies of acetylene and ethylene adsorptions on the Pt(111) surface: correlation with LEED studies", Solid State Communications 22, 335-337 (1977).

5.  (with W. J. Lo and G. A. Somorjai), "Low energy electron diffraction and electron spectroscopy studies of the clean (110) and (100) titanium dioxide (rutile) crystal surfaces", Surface Science 64, 588-602 (1977).

1978

6.  (with W. J. Lo and G. A. Somorjai), "Electron spectroscopy studies of the chemisorption of TiO2(100) surfaces with varied stoichiometry: evidence for the photogeneration of Ti3+ and for its importance in chemisorption", Surface Science 71, 199-219 (1978).

1979

7.  (with W. B. Weissbard), "Surface spectroscopy studies of the SrTiO3(100) surface and the platinum-SrTiO3(100) interface", Physical Review B20, 3456-3461 (1979).

1980

8.  (with M. K. Bahl and S. C. Tsai), "Auger and photoemission investigations of the Pt-SrTiO3(100) interface: relaxation and chemical shift effects", Physical Review B21, 1344-1348 (1980).

9.  (with C. A. Berry and D. Majumdar), "Auger studies of the effect of temperature and oxygen exposure on the surface composition of Ni-1% Th alloy", Surface Science 94, 293-302 (1980).

10.  (with C. C. Kao, S. C. Tsai, M. K. Bahl and W. J. Lo), "Electronic properties, structure and temperature-dependent composition of nickel deposited on rutile titanium dioxide (110) surfaces", Surface Science 95, 114 (1980).

11.  (with T. K. G. Swami), "Design and performance of a UHV fatigue drive", Review of Scientific Instruments 51, 842-844 (1980).

12.  (with T. K. G. Swami), "Deformation-enhanced photoemission from oriented Al single crystal surfaces", Surface Science 99, 373-383 (1980).

1981

13.  (with L. L. Kesmodel and J. A. Gates). "Observation of surface optical phonons on TiO2(100)", Physical Review B23, 489-492 (1981).

1982

14.  (with C. C. Kao and S. C. Tsai), "Surface electronic properties and CO hydrogenation activity of nickel deposited on rutile TiO2(100) as a model supported catalyst, Journal of Catalysis 73, 136-146 (1982).

15.  (with D. Majumdar), "Effects of oxygen on fatigue deformation of iron", Scripta Metallurgica 16, 791-794 (1982).

16.  (with D. Majumdar), "Effects of environment on fatigue deformation of iron", Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. and 7th Can. Fract. Conf. (1982).

17.  (with C. C. Kao and S. C. Tsai), "CO chemisorption and H/D isotope effect on the CO hydrogenation reaction on Ni(111) and Ni/TiO2(100)", Studies of Surface Science and Catalysis, North Holland Elsevier, 211-218 (1982).

1983

18.  (with S. C. Tsai and C. C. Kao), "Photoassisted water gas shift reaction over Pt/TiO2(100)", Journal of Catalysis 79, 451-461 (1983).

19.  (with D. Majumdar), "Surface deformation and crack initiation during fatigue of vacuum-melted iron: environmental effects", Metallurgical Transactions 14A, 1421-1425 (1983).

1984

20.  (with G. Xiong and C. C. Kao), "Mechanism of strong metal-support interaction in Ni/TiO2", J. Catal. 85, 237-243 (1984)

21.  (with S. Takatani and R. Benassi), "Construction of a low-noise, 16-bit, digital-to-analog converter interface for Apple computers", Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 808-810 (1984)

22.  (with S. C. Tsai), "Effects of particle size on photoassisted water gas shift reaction over Pt/TiO2", J. Catal. 86, 231-234 (1984).

23.  (with S. Takatani), "Effect of high temperature reduction on the surface composition of and CO chemisorption on Ni/TiO2", Applic. Surf. Sci. 19, 341-347 (1984).

24.  (with S. Takatani), "Strong metal-support interaction in Ni/TiO2: Auger and vibrational spectroscopy evidence for the segregation of TiOx(x~1) on Ni and its effects on CO chemisorption", J. Catal. 90, 75-83 (1984).

25.  (with D. Majumdar), "Effects of carbon content on the surface deformation behavior of vacuum-melted iron during fatigue in ultrahigh vacuum and oxygen", Mat. Sci. & Eng. 67, 207-211 (1984).

1985

26.  (with S. Takatani), "Thin-film quantization studies of gray tin epitaxially grown on CdTe(111)", Phys. Rev. B31, 2290-2293 (1985).

27.  (with K. A. Stair), "Composition and electronic properties of P-enriched InP(111)-Au interfaces", Phys. Rev. B32, 3904-3909 (1985).

28.  (with Y. B. Zhao), "Evidence for the migration of manganese oxide upon reduction of Ni/MnO2 and its effects on CO chemisorption", Proc. ACS Symp. Metal-support interactions, Miami, 1985, ACS Symposium Series 298, 54-59 (1985).

29.  (with S. Takatani), "Thin film quantization studies using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy", Characterization and Behavior of Materials with Submicron Dimensions, 185-191, World Sci. Pub. (1985).

1986

30.  (with K. A. Stair), "Fermi level pinning and growth characteristics of Au on InP(111)", Applied Surf. Sci. 26, 381-391 (1986).

31.  (with W. J. Lee, M. E. Fine and J. P. Baker), "Electrohydraulic fatigue apparatus for testing in ultrahigh vacuum and controlled environments", Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 2854-2858 (1986).

1987

32.  (with T. S. Lin, W. J. Partin, G. M. Damminga, T. M. Parrill and W. J. Lee), "Characterization of the alpha-Sn/CdTe(110) interface by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy", Surface Sci. 183, 113-122 (1987)

33.  (with T. S. Lin and W. J. Partin), "Characterization of the growth characteristics of alpha Sn on CdTe and the alpha Sn/CdTe(110) interface by angle-resolved photoemission", T. S. Lin, W. J. Partin and Y. W. Chung, Proc. of MRS symposium on interfaces, vol 77, 247-252 (1987).

34.  (with Y. B. Zhao), "CO chemisorption over MnOx-modified Ni(111): importance of perimeter sites in strong metal-support interaction", J. Catal. 106, 369-377 (1987)

35.  (with C. S. Kim and M. E. Fine), "Surface deformation and fatigue crack initiation of alpha-Fe single crystals", 3rd Intl. Conf. on Fatigue and Fatigue Thresholds, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, June 28July 3, 1987, Conf. Vol. I. (R. O. Ritchie and E. A. Starke, Jr., eds), EMAS Ltd., U. K. (1987), pp. 73-82.

36.  (with W. J. Lee and M. E. Fine), "The effect of environment on low cycle fatigue properties of HSLA steel", 3rd Intl. Conf. on Fatigue and Fatigue Thresholds, Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, June 28July 3, 1987, Conf. Vol. I. (R. O. Ritchie and E. A. Starke, Jr., eds), EMAS Ltd., U. K. (1987), pp. 1211-1220.

1988

37.  (with W. J. Lee and M. E. Fine), "Effect of environment and grain size on cyclic deformation and surface hardening of iron", Met. Trans. 19A, 337-344 (1988).

38.  (with T. M. Parrill and K. A. Stair), "The effect of oxygen exposure on subsequent deposition of thin gold films on clean InP(111) surfaces", Surface Science 195, 443-454 (1988).

39.  (with J. R. Levine, P. Georgopolous and J. B. Cohen), "Small angle X-ray scattering study of thin gold films", J. Vacuum Sci. & Technol. A6, 1771-1772 (1988).

40.  (with M. T. Dugger and H. S. Cheng), "AES analysis of the role of oxygen in the frictional behavior of steel lubricated with polyalphaolefin", J. Vac. Sci. & Technol. A6, 1171-1174 (1988).  

41.  (with T. M. Parrill), "Effect of initial surface composition on the interface chemistry of Au/cubic SiC(001)", J. Vac. Sci. & Technol. A6, 1589-1592 (1988).

42.  (with Y. B. Zhao), "Active sites in oxide-promoted metal catalysts : evidence for the significance of perimeter sites in AlOx and MnOx/Ni(111) catalysts", Proc. MRS Symp. on Microstructure and properties of catalysts, vol.111, 435-440 (1988).

43.  (with T. S. Lin), "Measurement of gold surface self-diffusion by scanning tunneling microscopy", Superlattice and Microstructure 4, 709-712 (1988).

44.  (with P. Zschack and J. B. Cohen), "A transportable surface-science chamber for glancing-angle X-ray diffraction", J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 466-470 (1988).

1989

45.  (with T. S. Lin), "Measurement of the activation energy for surface diffusion in gold by scanning tunneling microscopy", Surface Science 207, 539-546 (1989).

46.  (with M. T. Dugger), "Exploring failure mechanisms of lubricated 52100 steel sliding contacts in high vacuum and dry air", MRS Proc. Symp. New Materials Approaches to Tribology (1989), vol. 140, 423-430.

47.  (with J. R. Levine, J. B. Cohen and P. Georgopolous), "Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering: new tool for studying thin-film growth", Journal of Appl. Crystallography 22, 528-532 (1989).

1990

48.  (with M. T. Dugger, B. Bhushan and W. Rothschild), "Friction, wear and interfacial chemistry in thin-film magnetic rigid disk files", Journal of Tribology 112, 238-245 (1990).

49.  (with G. Venkataraman, Y. Nakasone, T. Mura), "Free energy formulation of fatigue crack initiation along persistent slip bands: calculation of SN curves and crack depths", Acta Metallurgica 38, 31-40 (1990).

50.  (with G. Venkataraman, T. S. Sriram and M. E. Fine), "STM and surface analytical study of the effect of environment on fatigue crack initiation in silver single crystals I : surface chemical effects", Scripta Metallurgica 24, 273-278 (1990).

51.  (with T. S. Sriram and M. E. Fine), "STM and surface analytical study of the effect of environment on fatigue crack initiation in silver single crystals II : effect of oxygen partial pressure", Scripta Metallurgica 24, 279-284 (1990).

52.  (with Yong-Bo Zhao), "Active sites in oxide-promoted metal catalysts: CO chemisorption on AlOx-modified Ni(111)", Journal of Catalysis 124, 109-115 (1990). 

53.  (with Yong-Bo Zhao and Tzer-Shen Lin), " Morphology studies of MnOx-modified Ni(111) surfaces by scanning tunneling microscopy", Journal of Catalysis 125, 207-213 (1990).

54.  (with T.S. Lin and H. S. Cheng), "High resolution surface roughness measurements in air using a scanning tunneling microscope", Lubrication Engineering 46, 304-309 (1990).

1991

55.  (with T. S. Sriram, K. J. Wahl), "The application of scanning tunneling microscopy to study lubricant distribution on magnetic thin-film rigid disk surfaces", Journal of Tribology, vol. 113, 245-248 (1991).

56.  (with K. J. Wahl, B. Bhushan and W. Rothschild), "Durability of thin-film magnetic rigid disk files in nitrogen and helium environments", Advances in Information Storage Systems 1, 327-336 (1991).

57. (with S. P. Bhat and R. S. Cline), "Fatigue crack initiation in iron and a high strength low-alloy steel”, Proceedings of the Morris E. Fine Symposium, pp. 49-61 (1991).

58. (with C. S. Whitman and D. Jeannotte), "Thermomechanically induced voiding of Al-Cu thin films", Proceedings of the Morris E. Fine Symposium, pp. 451-458 (1991).

59. (with G. Venkataraman), "Optimum slip band spacing in fatigued materials", Proceedings of the Morris E. Fine Symposium, pp. 471-479 (1991).

60. (with T. S. Sriram), "The role of surface reactivity in fatigue crack initiation in silver single crystals", Proceedings of the Morris E. Fine Symposium, pp. 495-500 (1991).

61.  (with Joanne R. Levine and J. B. Cohen), "Thin film island growth kinetics: a grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering study of gold on glass", Surface Science 248, 215-224 (1991).

62.  (with Q. Guo, C. S. Whitman and L. M. Keer), "A stress-induced diffusion model for failure of interconnects in microelectronic devices", Journal of Applied Physics 69, 7572-7580 (1991).

63.  (with C. S. Whitman), "Thermomechanically induced voiding in Al-Cu thin-films", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A9, 2516-2522 (1991).

64.  (with T. S. Sriram and M. E. Fine), "A flange-mounted UHV-compatible axial fatigue apparatus using a piezoelectric actuator", Review of Scientific Instruments 62, 2998-2010 (1991).

65.  (with K. J. Wahl), "In situ Auger measurements of surface chemical changes of magnetic thin-film rigid disks during spherical pin sliding tests", Advances in Information Storage Systems 3, 83-89 (1991).

66.  (with M. T. Dugger, W. J. Wahl, B. Bhushan and W. Rothschild); "An investigation of environmental effects on the wear and surface composition of thin film magnetic disks", Advances in Engineering Tribology, STLE SP31, ed Y. W. Chung and H. S. Cheng, pp. 43-53 (1991).

67.  (with T. M. Parrill), "Surface analysis of silicon carbide (100)", Surface Science 243, 96-112 (1991).

68.  (with G. Venkataraman and T. Mura), "Application of minimum energy formalism in fatigue  I. General case of multiple slip lines", Acta Metallurgica 39, 2621-2629 (1991).

69.  (with G. Venkataraman and T. Mura), "Application of minimum energy formalism in fatigue  II. Derivation of Coffin-Manson law for crack initiation and calculation of SN curves", Acta Metallurgica 39, 2631-2638 (1991).

70.  (with J. Vetrone), "Organo-metallic chemical vapor deposition of tin oxide single crystal and polycrystalline films", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A9, 3041-3047 (1991).

71.  (with W. J. Lee and M. E. Fine), "Cyclic surface deformation behavior of ZrH2-purified iron effects of solute carbon, strain amplitude, strain rate and environment", Journal of Materials Science 26, 5793-5798 (1991).

1992

72.  (with P. R. Zschack and J. B. Cohen), "Structure of the TiO2(100)-(1x3) determined by glancing-angle X-ray diffraction and low energy electron diffraction", Surface Science 262, 395-408 (1992).

73.  (with T. S. Sriram and M. E. Fine), "The application of surface science to fatigue: the role of surface chemistry and surface modification in fatigue crack initiation of silver single crystals", Acta Met. 40, 2769-2780 (1992).

74.  (with K. J. Wahl), "Fundamental limits of flash temperature measurements of asperities using infrared detectors", Tribology Transactions 35, 447-450 (1992).

75.  *(with T. S. Sriram), "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", ASM Handbook Volume 18 (Friction, Wear and Lubrication Technology), p. 393-398 (1992).

76.  (with Ming Y. Chen, X. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Growth and Characterization of C:N Thin Films", Surface and Coatings Technology 54/55, 360-364 (1992).

77.  *"Effects of Surface Composition, Environment and Morphology on Friction and Wear: An Overview", Surface and Coatings Technology 54/55, 423-427 (1992).

78.  (with P. Gallezot, S. Tretjak, Y. Christidis, G. Mattioda, A. Schouteeten and T. S. Sriram), "Characterization by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Silver Oxy-dehydrogenation Catalysts", Catalysis Letters 13, 305-312 (1992).

79.  (with T. M. Parrill), "Effects of initial silicon carbide composition on room temperature Au/beta-SiC(001) interface formation", Surface Science 271, 395-406 (1992).

80.  "Overview: problems and opportunities in tribology", ACS Symposium Series 485, ed. Y. W. Chung et al, pp. xi-xv (1992).

81.  "Surface diagnostic techniques commonly used in tribological studies", ACS Symposium Series 485, ed. Y. W. Chung et al, pp. 2-14 (1992).

1993

82.  (with M. T. Dugger, B. Bhushan and W. Rothschild), "Wear mechanisms of amorphous carbon and zirconia coatings on rigid disk magnetic recording media", Tribology Transactions 36, 84-94 (1993).

83.  (with T. S. Sriram and C. M. Ke), "Fatigue deformation of silver single crystals: STM evidence for crack nucleation, measurements of slip irreversibility and verification for a new scaling relationship for fatigue life", Acta Met. 41, 2515-2521 (1993).

84.  (with C. M. Ke and T. S. Sriram), "Damage accumulation model for fatigue crack initiation: application to silver and copper single crystals", Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Aging Materials, ed. Liaw et al, 319-326 (1993).

85.  (with D. Li, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Nanoindentation studies of carbon nitride thin films", Journal of Applied Physics 74, 219-223 (1993).

86.  (with Ming Y. Chen, X. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Carbon Nitride as a Novel Superhard Coating and Solid Lubricant", Tribology Transactions 36, 491-495 (1993).

87.  (with M. Y. Chen, X. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Analytical electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies of carbon nitride thin films", J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A11, 521-524 (1993).

88.  (with J. Vetrone, R. Cavicchi and S. Semancik), "Role of initial conductance and gas pressure on the conductance response of single crystal SnO2 thin films to hydrogen, oxygen and carbon monoxide", J. Appl. Physics 73, 8371-8376 (1993).

89.  (with D. Li, X. W. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. Y. Chen, Ming-Show Wong and William D. Sproul), "Synthesis and characterization of ultrahigh strength carbon nitride thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering", Proc. 9th Int. Coll. Plasma Processes, 102-109 (1993).

90.  (with Q. Guo and L. M. Keer), "Thermal stress-induced open-circuit failure in microelectronics thin-film metallizations", Thermal Stress and Strain in Microelectronics Packaging, ed. John H. Lau, p.329-359 (1993).

91.  (with D. Li, X. W. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. Y. Chen, Ming-Show Wong and William D. Sproul), "Synthesis and characterization of ultrahigh strength carbon nitride thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering", le vide les couches minces 49, 181-188 (1993).

92.  (with H. Aramaki and H. S. Cheng), "The contact between rough surfaces with longitudinal texture: I. Average contact pressure and real contact area", Journal of Tribology 115, 419-424 (1993).

93.  (with H. Aramaki and H. S. Cheng), "The contact between rough surfaces with longitudinal texture: II. Flash temperature", Journal of Tribology 115, 425-431 (1993).

94.  (with J.R.Levine Parrill, P.Georgopolous and J. B. Cohen), "GISAXS Glancing incidence small angle x-ray scattering", Journal de Physique IV, vol. 3, 411-417 (1993).

1994

95.  (with E. C. Cutiongco), "Prediction of scuffing failure based on competitive kinetics of oxide formation and removal: application to lubricated sliding of AISI 52100 steel on steel", Tribology Transactions 37, 622-628 (1994).

96.  (with Dong Li, S. Yang, M. S. Wong, F. Adibi and W. D. Sproul), "Infrared absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of carbon nitride thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering", J. Vac. Sci. Technol A12, 1470-1473 (1994).

97.  (with J. Vetrone), "Changes in tip structure measured during STM lithography", Applied Surface Science 78, 331-338 (1994).

98.  *(with Dong Li, X. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. Y. Chen, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Synthesis and characterization of super-wear-resistant carbon nitride coatings", Diamond Films and Technology 4, 99-111 (1994).

99.  (with D. Li, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Nanoindentation and Tribological Properties of Ultrahigh Strength Carbon Nitride Thin Films", Tribology Transactions 37, 479-482 (1994).

100.  (with Dong Li, Eric Cutiongco, MingShow Wong and William D. Sproul), "Composition, structure and tribological properties of amorphous carbon nitride coatings", Surface and Coatings Technology 68/69, 611-615 (1994).

101.  (with Joanne Levine Parrill and Jerome B. Cohen), "Ultrahigh vacuum grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering camera for in situ surface analysis", Advances in X-ray Analysis 37, 413-418 (1994).

102.  (with W. J. Lee), "Cyclic plastic strain energy as a damage criterion and environmental effect in Nb-bearing high-strength low-alloy steel", Materials Science and Engineering A186, 121-128 (1994).

103.  (with K. K. Chawla, Z. R. Xu and A. Hlinak), "Surface roughness characterization of three alumina-type fibers by atomic force microscopy", Ceramic Transactions 38, 725-736 (1994).

1995

104. (with N. Gravier and E. C. Cutiongco), "Effects of testing environments on friction and bidirectional materials transfer during dry sliding of 3004 aluminum against H13 steel", Tribology Transactions 38, 168-172 (1995).

105.  (with T. Y. Tsui, G. M. Pharr, W. C. Oliver, E. C. Cutiongco, C. S. Bhatia, R. L. White, R. L. Rhodes and S. M. Gorbatkin), "Nanoindentation and nanoscratching of hard coating materials for magnetic disks", Fall MRS Proceedings 356, 767-772 (1995).

106.  *(with Dong Li, Eric Cutiongco, M. S. Wong and William D. Sproul), "Review of synthesis and characterization of amorphous carbon nitride thin films", Diamond Films and Technology 5, 261-273 (1995).

107.  (with W. J. Chia), "Surface spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption studies of the interaction of water vapor with Ni3(Al,Ti) (100) and (111) surfaces as a function of temperature", Intermetallics 3, 505-509 (1995).

108.  (with Dong Li, Ming-Show Wong and William D. Sproul), "Mechanical properties of amorphous carbon nitride thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputter-deposition)", Tribology Letters 1, 87-93 (1995)

109.  (with Dong Li, S. Lopez, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Ionized magnetron sputter-deposition of amorphous carbon nitride thin films", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A13, 1063-1066 (1995).

110.  (with Dong Li, Xi Chu, Shang-Cong Cheng, XiWei Lin, Vinayak P. Dravid, Ming-Show Wong and William D. Sproul), "Synthesis of superhard carbon nitride composite coatings", Applied Physics Letters 67, 203-205 (1995).

111.  (with W. J. Chia), "Auger, photoemission, and thermal desorption studies of the interaction of water vapor with Ni3(Al,Ti) (100) and (111) surfaces", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A13, 1687-1692 (1995).

112.  (with W. J. Lee), "Effects of surface oxide layers on crack initiation and growth of HSLA steel under cyclic loading in air and in ultrahigh vacuum", Journal of Materials Science 30, 6370-6376 (1995).

113.  *"Synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride superhard coatings", Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies, ed T. S. Sudarshan, W. Reitz and J. J. Stiglich, pp. 51-67 (1995).

1996

114.  (with Eric C. Cutiongco, Dong Li and C. Singh Bhatia), "Tribological behavior of amorphous carbon nitride overcoats for magnetic thin-film rigid disks", Journal of Tribology 118, 543-548 (1996).

115.  (with W. J. Chia), "Competitive surface interactions of water vapor and oxygen on Ni3 (Al,Ti) and Ni3Fe surfaces", Design Fundamentals of High Temperature Composites, Intermetallics and Metal-Ceramics Systems, ed. R. Y. Lin, Y. A. Chang, R. G. Reddy and C. T. Liu, TMS, Warrendale (1996), pp. 251-269.

116.  "Synthesis and properties of crystalline carbon nitride composite superhard coatings", Proceedings of MRS Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films II (1996), ed. H. J. Frost, M. H. Parker and C. A. Ross and E. A. Holm, vol. 403, 227-233.

117.  (with W. J. Chia), "Surface reaction studies of water and oxygen with polycrystalline Ni3Fe: evidence of water dissociation to produce hydrogen and its suppression by oxygen coadsorption", Intermetallics 4, 283-288 (1996).

118.  (with W. J. Chia), "Surface chemistry study of water vapor and oxygen on Ni3 (Al,Ti) (100) and Ni3Fe surfaces", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A14, 1614-1619 (1996).

119.  (with Dong Li, Xi-Wei Lin, Shang-Cong Cheng, and Vinayak Dravid), "Structure and hardness studies of CNx /TiN nanocomposite coatings", Applied Physics Letters 68, 1211-1213 (1996)

120.  (with Yasuo Marumo, and Zunde Yang), "Optimization of properties of carbon nitride and CNx /TiN coatings prepared by single-cathode magnetron sputtering", Surface and Coatings Technologies 86/87, 586-591 (1996).

121.  *"Synthesis and surface mechanical properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride coatings", Surface Review and Letters 3, 1597-1602 (1996).

122.  (with Zunde Yang), "Lubricant effects in the transition from boundary to micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication", Journal of Tribology 39, 974-978 (1996)

1997

123.  *(with Zunde Yang), "Surface science perspective of tribological failure", Tribology Letters 3, 19-26 (1997).

124.  (with Mei-Ling Wu, Ming-Show Wong and William D. Sproul), "Preparation and characterization of superhard CNx/ZrN multilayers", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A15, 946-950 (1997).

125.*  (with Beizhi Zhou), "Studying fatigue deformation using scanning probe microscopy", JOM 49, 43-45 (1997).

126.*  (with Zunde Yang), "Magnetic storage system materials", STLE/CRC Tribology Data Handbook, p. 823-827 (1997).

127.  (with M. L. Wu, W. Qian, Y. Wang, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Superhard coatings of CNx/ZrN multilayers prepared by DC magnetron sputtering", Thin Solid Films 308/309, 113-117 (1997).

128.  (with Kevin F. Peters and Jerome B. Cohen), "Surface melting on small particles", Applied Physics Letters 71, 2391-2393 (1997).

129.  (with Mei-Ling Wu, X. W. Lin, Vinayak P. Dravid and Yip-Wah Chung), "Synthesis and tribological properties of carbon nitride and boron-related coatings", Proc. Int. Conf. on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment, Tokyo (1997), 383-386.

1998

130.  (with Mei-Ling Wu, Zunde Yang, Y. W. Chung, Ming-Show Wong and William D. Sproul), "Synthesis of coatings with hardness exceeding 40 GPa by magnetron sputtering", Journal of Tribology 120, 179-183 (1998).

131.  *(with B. Zhou), "Recent advances in the synthesis and application of amorphous carbon nitride: a new protective overcoat for computer hard disk surfaces", Journal of Japanese Society of Tribologists 43, 382-387 (1998), in Japanese.

132.  *(with C. Singh Bhatia), "Best bets in protective overcoats for hard disks", Data Storage 5, 47-48 (1998).

133.  (with M. L. Wu, X. W. Lin, and V. P. Dravid), "Structural characterization of CN/ZrN superlattice coatings", Hard Coatings Based on Borides, Carbides and Nitrides: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, ed. A. Kumar, Y. W. Chung, and R. Chia, p. 17-24 (1998).

134.  (with K. F. Peters and J. B. Cohen), "Melting of Pb nanocrystals", Physical Review B57, 13430-13438 (1998).

135.  *(with Morris E. Fine), "Fatigue failure in metals", ASM Handbook, vol 19, 63-72 (1998).

136.  (with Wai-Chung Chan, Beizhi Zhou, C. S. Lee and S. T. Lee), "Synthesis, composition, surface roughness and mechanical properties of thin nitrogenated carbon films", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A 16, 1907-1911 (1998).

137.  (with M. L. Wu, X. W. Lin, V. P. Dravid, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Conventional and ionized magnetron sputter-deposition of nanocrystalline titanium diboride thin films", Tribology Letters 5, 131-134 (1998).

138.  *(with Beizhi Zhou), "Recent advances in the synthesis and properties of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride", Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 21, 691-700 (1998).

(with K. F. Peters and J. B. Cohen), "Ultrahigh vacuum apparatus for x-ray powder diffraction in surface science", Review of Scientific Instruments 69, 4214-4217 (1998).

1999

140.  (with  Y. H. Chen, M. M. Lacerda and B. Zhou), “Characterization of TiN/CNx multilayers by D. C. magnetron sputtering”, Surface Engineering: Science and Technology I, 379-383 (1999).

141.  *“Quest for carbon nitride”, Surface Engineering 15, 177-179 (1999).

142.  *(with Jinliu Wang), “Interaction of H2O and O2 with intermetallic alloys”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 9, Suppl. 1, 100-105 (1999).

143.  (with M. M. Lacerda, Y. H. Chen, B. Zhou and M. U. Guruz), “Synthesis of hard TiN coatings with suppressed columnar growth and reduced stress”, J. Vac. Sci. & Technol. A17, 2915-2919 (1999).

144.   (with M. U. Guruz, Y. H. Yu, V. P. Dravid, M. Lacerda and C. S. Bhatia), “Synthesis and corrosion performance of ultrathin carbon nitride overcoats”, Proc. Symp. Interface Tribology towards 100 Gbit/in2”, 47-51 (1999).

145.  (with Jinliu Wang, and B. Zhou), “Water dissociation on boron-doped single crystal Ni3(Al, Ti) (110) surface”, Advanced Materials for the 21st Century: the 1999 Julia R. Weertman Symposium, 259-267 (1999).

146.  (with S. T. Lee, Y. F. Zhang, N. Wang, Y. H. Tang, I. Bello, and C. S. Lee), “Semiconductor nanowires from oxides”, J. Materials Research 14, 4503-4507 (1999).

2000

147.  (with Jinliu Wang), “Water dissociation on clean and boron-modified single crystal Ni3(Al, Ti) (110) surfaces”, Journal of Physical Chemistry 104, 3219-3223 (2000).

148.  (with J. Wang, W. J. Chia and C. T. Liu), “Interaction of H2O and O2 with Ni3Fe and their effects on ductility”, Intermetallics 8, 353-357 (2000).

149.  (with M. U. Guruz, I. Widlow, W. P. Dravid, M. L. Wu, M. Lacerda, C. S. Bhatia, Y. H. Yu and S. C. Lee), “Protective overcoats for use in extremely high density magnetic recording”, Proc. Surface Engineering in Materials Science I, ed. S. Seal, N. B. Dahotre, J. J. Moore and B. Mishra, 173-186 (2000).

150.  (with Q. Li, Y. H. Yu, C. S. Bhatia, L. D. Marks, and S. C. Lee), “Low-temperature magnetron sputter-deposition, hardness and electrical resistivity of amorphous and crystalline alumina thin films”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A18, 2333-2338 (2000).

151.      (with M. L. Wu, M. U. Guruz, V. P. Dravid, S. Anders, F. L. Freire,Jr. and G. Mariotto), “Formation of carbon nitride with sp3-bonded carbon in CNx/ZrN superlattice coatings”, Applied Physics Letters 76, 2692-2694 (2000)

152.     *(with I. Widlow), “Recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of amorphous and crystalline carbon nitride coatings”, Brazil Journal of Physics 30, 490-498 (2000).

153.     (with L. G. Jacobsohn, R. Prioli, F. L. Freire, Jr., G. Mariotto and M. M. Lacerda), “Comparative study of anneal-induced modifications of amorphous carbon films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at different argon plasma pressures”, Diamond and Related Materials 9, 680-4 (2000).

154.     (with T. J. Zhang, M. S. Wong, and W. D. Sproul), “Characterization of magnetron sputtering TiB2 and Ti-B-N thin films”, Trans. Nonferrous Metals Society of China 10, 619-624 (2000).

2001

155.  (with M. U. Guruz, V. P. Dravid, M. M. Lacerda, C. S. Bhatia, Y. H. Yu and S. C. Lee), “Corrosion performance of ultrathin carbon nitride overcoats synthesized by magnetron sputtering”, Thin Solid Films 381, 6-9 (2001).

 

156.  (with Jinliu Wang), “Effects of boron on water dissociation and surface diffusivity of hydrogen on Ni3(Al,Ti)(110) single crystal surfaces”, Intermetallics 9, 349-354 (2001).

157.  (with Jinliu Wang, Yuan-Hsin Yu, and S. C. Lee) “Tribological and optical properties of crystalline and amorphous alumina thin films grown by low-temperature reactive magnetron sputter-deposition”, Surface Coatings and Technology 146/147, 189-194 (2001).

 

158.  (with Yu-Hsia Chen, Kitty W. Lee, Wen-An Chiou and Leon M. Keer), “Synthesis and structure of smooth, superhard TiN/SiNx multilayer coatings with an equiaxed microstructure”, Surface and Coatings Technology 146/147, 209-214 (2001).

 

159.  (with Dejun Li and Murat Guruz), “Ultrathin CNx overcoats for 1 Tb/in2 hard disk drive systems”, Proc. ASME Special Symposium on 1 Tb/in2 Storage Systems, TRIB. 11, 61-64 (2001).

 

2002

160.  (with Yu-Hsia Chen, Igor A. Polonsky and Leon M. Keer), “Tribological properties and rolling-contact-fatigue lives of TiN/SiNx multilayer coatings”, Surface and Coatings Technology 154, 152-161 (2002).

 

161.  (with Yu-Hsia Chen, Murat Guruz and Leon M. Keer), “Thermal stability of hard TiN/SiNx multilayer coatings with an equiaxed microstructure), Surface and Coatings Technology 154, 162-166 (2002).

162.  *(with Ian Widlow), “Critical review of the synthesis and characterization of carbon nitride thin films”, International Materials Review 47, 153-167 (2002)

 

163.  (with Murat Guruz and V. P. Dravid), “Synthesis and characterization of single and multilayer boron nitride and boron carbide thin films grown by magnetron sputtering of boron carbide”, Thin Solid Films 414, 129-135 (2002)

164.  (with D. J. Li, M. U. Guruz and C. S. Bhatia), “Ultrathin CNx overcoats for 1 Tb/in2 hard disk systems”, Applied Physics Letters 81, 1113-1115 (2002)

165.  (with Jinliu Wang), “Surface diffusivity of atomic deuterium on Ni3(Al,Ti)(110) surface with and without boron”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 12, 649-652 (2002)

166.  *(with Kitty Lee and Dejun Li), “Nanolayer coatings for hard disk and demanding tribological applications”, JOM September (2002), 49-52

2003

167.  *(with William Sproul), “Superhard coating materials”, MRS Bulletin 28, 164-5 (2003)

 

168.  (with Kitty Lee, C. Y. Chan, I. Bello, S. T. Lee, A. Karimi, J. Patscheider, M. P. Delplancke-Ogletree, Dehua Yang, B. Boyce and Thomas Buchheit), “An international round-robin experiment to evaluate the consistency of nanoindentation hardness measurements of thin films”, Surface and Coatings Technology 168, 57-61 (2003)

169.  (with De-Jun Li), “Ultrasmooth CNx overcoats for next-generation hard disks”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 39, 765-768 (2003)

170.  (with Yanfeng Chen), “The role of hydrogen diffusion and desorption in moisture-induced embrittlement in intermetallics doped with alloyed elements”, Intermetallics 11, 551-4 (2003)

171.  (with Dejun Li, Yanfeng Chen and F. Lazaro Freire, Jr.), “Metrology of 1-10 nm thick CNx films: thickness, density and surface roughness measurements”, JVST A21, L19-21 (2003)

172.  *(with Mark Hersam), “Detecting elusive surface atoms with atomic force microscopy”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, 12531-2 (2003).

2004

173.  (with Kitty W. Lee, Yu-Hsia Chen and Leon M. Keer), “Hardness, internal stress, and thermal stability of TiB2/TiC multilayer coatings synthesized by magnetron sputtering with and without substrate rotation”, Surface and Coatings Technology 177/178, 591-596 (2004)

174.  (with Sulin Zhang , Greg Wagner, Sergey N. Medyanik, Wing-Kam Liu and Yuan-Hsin Yu), “Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation studies of friction behavior of hydrogenated carbon films”, Surface and Coatings Technology 177/178, 818-823 (2004)

 

175.      (with Yanfeng Chen), “The effect of Fe on the moisture-induced embrittlement in (Ni,Fe)Ti alloys”, Intermetallics 12, 815-819 (2004)

 

176.  (with H. Yu, S. Liu, and J. Wang), “Influence of temperature-dependent yield strength on thermomechanical asperity contacts”, Tribology Letters 17, 155-163 (2004)

 

177.     *(with Ken Chong), “Advice on Acquiring NSF Funding in Nanomechanics and Surface Engineering”, JOM October 2004, p. 36-37.

 

178.     (with T. G. Nieh, C. Iwamoto, Y. Ikuhara and K. W. Lee), “Comparative studies of crystallization of a bulk Zr-Al-Ti-Cu-Ni amorphous alloy”, Intermetallics 12, 1183-1189 (2004)

 

179.     (with M. T. Siniawski, S. J. Harris, Q. Wang and C. Freyman), “Effects of thickness and roughness variations on the abrasiveness of a thin boron carbide coating”, Tribology Letters 17, 931-937 (2004)

 

2005

180.  (with Kitty W. Lee, Chad Korach and Leon M. Keer), “Tribological and dry machining evaluation of superhard TiB2/TiC multilayer coatings deposited on Si(001), M2 steel, and C3 WC cutting tool inserts using magnetron sputtering”, Surface and Coatings Technology 194, 184-189 (2005)

2006

181.  (with Yanfeng Cheng and Shu-You Li), “Boron carbide and boron carbonitride thin films as protective coatings in ultra-high density hard disk drives”, Surface and Coatings Technology 200, 4072-4077 (2006)

 

182. (with Christina Freyman and Yanfeng Chen), “Synthesis of carbon films with ultralow friction in dry and humid Air”, Surface and Coatings Technology 201, 164-167 (2006)

 

183. (with Christina Freyman, Bo Zhao and Yanfeng Chen), “Water adsorption and desorption on ultra-low friction sulfur-doped hydrogenated carbon films”, Journal of Physics Condensed Matter 18, S1721-1726 (2006)

 

184. (with D. J. Li), “Growth responses of ultrathin CNx overcoats to process parameters”, Thin Solid Films 506/507, 207-211 (2006)

 

2007

185. (with Yanfeng Chen and Hongmei Wen”, “Moisture-induced embrittlement mechanism for (Ni,Fe)Ti alloys”, Intermetallics 15, 288-293 (2007)

 

Patent: (with D. Li, X. Chu, S. A. Barnett, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), "Superhard composite materials including compounds of carbon and nitrogen deposited on metal and metal nitride carbide and carbonitride", US Patent No. 5,725,913, issued March 10, 1998.

 

Patent:  (with D. Li, X. Chu, S. A. Barnett, M. S. Wong and W. D. Sproul), “"Superhard composite materials including compounds of carbon and nitrogen deposited on metal and metal nitride carbide and carbonitride", US Patent No. 5,776,615, issued July 7, 1998.

Provisional Patent (with Christina Freyman), "Doping of Coatings for Reduced Sensitivity of Friction to Humidity and Reduced Interfacial Adhesion", filed October 2004

Textbooks

1.  “Practical Guide to Surface Science and Spectroscopy”, published by Academic Press (2001).

2.  “Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering”, published by CRC Press (Taylor and Francis Group), December 2006

 

Proceedings/monographs

1.  "Advances in Engineering Tribology", ed. Yip-Wah Chung and Herbert S. Cheng, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, Park Ridge, Illinois (1991).

2.  "Surface Science Investigations in Tribology: Experimental Approaches", ed. A. M. Homola, G. B. Street and Yip-Wah Chung, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. (1992).

3.  "Surface Diagnostics in Tribology", K. Miyoshi and Yip-Wah Chung, World Scientific Publishing Company, Ltd. (1993).

4.  "Introduction to Surface Science and Spectroscopy" (CDROM), Yip-Wah Chung, American Vacuum Society.

5.  "Hard Coatings Based on Borides, Carbides and Nitrides", ed. Y. W. Chung, A. Kumar and R. Chia, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, February 1998.

6.  “Surface Engineering: Science and Technology I”, ed. A. Kumar, Y. W. Chung, J. Moore and J. Smugeresky, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, February 1999.

7.  “Advanced Materials for the 21st Century: the 1999 Julia R. Weertman Symposium”, ed. Y. W. Chung, D. C. Dunand, P. Liaw and G. B. Olson, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, October 1999.

8.  "Surface Engineering 2001 – Fundamentals and Applications”, ed. W. J. Meng, A. Kumar, G. L. Doll, Y. T. Cheng, S. Veprek and Y. W. Chung, MRS Symposium Proceedings volume 697 (2002).